「労働科学」最新号
労働科学 86巻2号(2010年)
東京国際空港飛行場管制業務のタスクフロー記述
航空事故調査体制について
農業労働への人間工学的対策の展開
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86巻 2号
飯田裕康
東京国際空港飛行場管制業務のタスクフロー記述
労働科学,86(2),59~104,(2010)
東京国際空港における管制業務について作業分析を行い,作業シーケンスをフローチャートの形で記述した。分析対象とした管制席(管制官)は,
管制塔:フライトデータ席管制官,管制承認伝達席管制官,地上管制席管制官,飛行場管制席管制官,管制塔統括席管制官
レーダー管制室:出域管制席管制官,捜索管制席管制官,進入管制席管制官
である。
作業シーケンスは,管制官の意思決定,取り扱う情報要素,管制指示や機器操作等の管制動作とともに,1機の航空機の運航時間軸に沿って記述されている。この作業分析により,空港における航空交通業務のチームワークの状況が把握された。(図23,表23) (自抄)
キーワード:航空交通管制;空港;作業分析;作業フローチャート;チームワーク
Hiroyasu IIDA
A Descriptin of Air Traffic Control Task Flowin Tokyo International Airport
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR,86(2),59~104,(2010)
The air traffic control tasks in the Tokyo International Airport were analyzed, and the task sequence and information flow were described as a series of flow charts. The analyzed tasks of the air traffic controllers were those of the flight data controller, clearance delivery controller, ground controller, local controller, tower watch supervisor in the control tower, and departure controller, approach controller and feeder controller in the radar control room. The control task sequence was described following the traffic progress of one aircraft, including the controller's decision making, treated information elements and control actions. In this analysis, the situation of air traffic controllers' teamwork was clarified.
Key words: Air traffic control;Airport;Task analysis;Task flow chart;Teamwork
垣本由紀子
航空事故調査体制について
― ヒューマンファクターアプローチの問題点―
労働科学,86(2),105~112,(2010)
公共交通から日常の生活まで,予期せぬときに事故は発生している。発生の都度事故調査が行われるが,事故調査の在り方については,日本学術会議をはじめ,いろいろな立場から議論が続けられてきている。本稿では,ヒューマンファクター的視点から調査を実施する場合の次のような問題点について検討した。(1)事故調査の目的の確認,(2)事故調査における優位性の確保,(3)ヒューマンエラーが刑事法で扱われること,(4)事故調査報告書が裁判で使用されること,(5)事故調査機関にヒューマンファクター専門家を配置すること,(6)ヒューマンファクター追求モデルについて。ここで取り上げられた問題の解決へ向け,それぞれの立場からの歩み寄りによる課題解決が必要である。(表2) (自抄)
キーワード:事故調査;航空事故;ヒューマンエラー;裁判;ヒューマンファクター分析モデル
Yukiko KAKIMOTO
Some Problems of Human Factors Approaches in Aviation Accident Investigation
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR,86(2),105~112,(2010)
Accidents occur frequently and unexpectedly in public transportation, in various automobiles, and facilities in daily life. Whenever such an accident occurs, the accident investigation will be undertaken by official groups or private groups. The Science Council of Japan and a few victims family groups have been discussing and advanced their opinions on how to carry out the investigation adequately, scientifically, fairly and neutrally. In this paper, the following problems were discussed: (1) the purpose of accident investigation; (2) priority of accident investigation; (3) is it adequate to put on trial human errors in organizations using criminal law?; (4) to use the accident investigati on reports in trials; (5) to hire human factors specialists as investigators and commission members; (6) how to use various models of human factors.
It is suggested to resolve these problems mentioned in this paper by making compromises with various groups.
Key Words: Accident investigation;Aviation accident;Human errors;On trial;Human factors analysis models
宇土 博
農業労働への人間工学的対策の展開
労働科学,86(2),113~124,(2010)
2008年のサブプライムローンの破綻やリーマン・ショックを契機とした世界同時不況は,従来の金融バブルに牽引された輸出型の産業政策の見直しと,農業,高齢者や子供の支援,医療,インフラ供給,自然エネルギー産業など生活を支える内需型の産業政策の再評価をもたらしている。そのため,これまでの製造業を中心とした労働科学の研究は,内需型産業の研究にシフトする必要があろう。特に,食糧危機のリスクが増大し,先進国中で最も食料自給率が低い我が国では,農業の再生は緊急の課題であり,その再生には,高齢者の農業の継続や新規就農者の参入時のバリアとなる農業労働の筋骨格系負担を軽減する人間工学的対策の展開が重要である。農業再生に労働科学が果たす役割は大きいと考えられる。(図17,表6) (自抄)
キーワード:労働科学;人間工学;改善;農業;筋骨格系負担
Hiroshi UDO
Development of Ergonomic Measures for Agricultural Work
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR,,86(2),113~124,(2010)
In this paper we propose a new research area in the field of labour science. Thus far labour science has placed most interests in main stream and growth industries of the world. After the Second World War, industries such as automobile, home electronics, computer, leisure and information industrial became the growing industries. However, after the worldwide economic crisis caused by the bankruptcy of sub-prime-rate-lending and the collapse of Lehman Brothers Inc. on 15 September 2008 in the United States, decision makers began to reconsider the conventional views towards the economy and industry. Thus, in the current post-bubble era, the following fundamental and solid industries that support the life of the people are being re-evaluated; agriculture, service for the elderly and children, medical service, infrastructure, natural energy and so forth. Of these industries, agriculture is the most essential and fundamental to the life of people. The risk of a food crisis is increasing in the world. In Japan, food supply is one of major concerns, where the self-sufficiency ratio is under 40 % which is the worst ratio amongst advanced nations. For the near future, we propose a bigger role for labour science and ergonomics to support the agriculture industry in Japan and the world. It is essential to develop ergonomic measures for agricultural work to reduce the muscle skeletal burden which is the major hurdle for working in the agriculture industry, since experienced elderly farmers find it difficult to continue working and new farmers are difficult to recruit. By giving labour science and thus ergonomics a bigger role, we can create a better chance to avoid a major food crisis and develop the domestic-oriented industries such as agriculture and so forth, and thus, recover the balance in the economy and rely less on the export industry. We propose two cases of ergonomic improvement for fruit farming.
Key words: Labour Science; Ergonomics; Improvement;Agriculture; Muscleskeletal burden
















