労働科学85巻（2009年）
労働科学 85巻（2009年）
原著・総説・短報・資料・研究ノート等
85巻 1号
冨岡公子，山元顕太，新井康友，車谷典男
介護労働者の運動器障害関連QOLと職業性ストレスに関する研究
労働科学，85（１），1～10，（2009）
介護労働者の運動器障害関連QOLと職業性ストレスの関連を検討するために，無作為抽出した1,200名の介護福祉士会員に無記名自記式のアンケート調査 を行った。その結果，回収率は19.1%，RDQ得点（中央値）は女性2点，男性0点，Quick DASHスコア（中央値）は女性6.8点，男性2.3点，ERIモデルのE/R比＞1は女性25.9％，男性36.8%であった。多重ロジスティック回帰 分析の結果，運動器障害関連QOLに職業性ストレスや運動器の自覚症状が有意な関連性を示した。運動器障害関連QOL対策として，身体的な負担軽減対策だ けでなく職業性ストレス対策の必要性が示唆された。（表４）（自抄）
キーワード：作業関連性運動器障害；腰痛特異的QOL尺度；上肢障害評価表；努力－報酬不均衡モデル；仕事の要求度－コントロールモデル
Kimiko TOMIOKA, M.D., Ph.D.，Kenta YAMAMOTO，Yasutomo ARAI,M.A. ，Norio KURUMATANI, M.D., Ph.D.
The Association Between and their Quality Associated with Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Occupational Stress among Care Workers
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（１），1～10，（2009）
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the quality of life (QOL) associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders and occupational stress among care workers. Study subjects were 1,200 randomly selected members of the Osaka association of certified care workers. The response rate for the questionnaire was 19.1%. The median of female and male Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) scores were 2 and 0, respectively. And the median of female and male Quick DASH (the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) scores were 6.8 and 2.3, respectively. Prevalence of female and male subjects with the effort-reward ratio of more than 1.0 (the critical effort reward imbalance condition) was 25.9% and 36.8%, respectively.
Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that QOL affected by musculoskeletal disorders of care workers was significantly associated with occupational stress and musculoskeletal pain. The present study suggests that effective measures for ameliorating against QOL related with work-related musculoskeletal disorders for care workers should include not only physical workload reduction but also occupational stress management.
Key words ：Work-related musculoskeletal disorders；Roland-morris disability questionnaire；Quick DASH；Effort-reward imbalance；Job content questionnaire
佐々木司，久保智英，松元 俊
時短勤務中に脳出血を発症したホワイトカラー労働者の週内性過労
労働科学，85（１），11～27，（2009）
本論文は，発症前24週間にわたり，客観的なデータが揃った時短勤務中のホワイトカラー労働者の過労障害事例を分析した。被災者の発症には，多重負担，発 症前3ヵ月からの過労，生理心理的に休息にならない休日の特徴があった。またそのプロセスは，メール関連指標の悪化，労働時間の増大，睡眠時間の短縮を経 た。とりわけ休日の覚醒時には感情の起伏，睡眠時には“the sleep apprehension”によって被災者の心身を休息させなかった。本症例では，脳出血発症直前の労働負荷は高くなかった。したがって過労障害の原因を 探るには，発症直前の労働負荷強度を同定するよりも，勤務日と休日の過労の進展度を週内性過労のプロセスにそって同定することが有効であると考えられ た。（図１，表２）（自抄）
キーワード：過労障害；ホワイトカラー労働者；高血圧；左被殻出血；育児のための時短勤務；週内性疲労；精神生理学的休息；休日における情動
Tsukasa SASAKI，Tomohide KUBO，Shun MATSUMOTO
A Case Study of a White-Collar Employee Who Developed a Cerebral Hemorrhage with a Focus on Week-to-Week Over-Fatigue Conditions
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（１），11～27，（2009）
Conditions leading to week-to-week over‐fatigue conditions of a while-collar employee during a period of reduced work hours were studied. The employee developed a cerebral hemorrhage and the complete data related to his work during the six-month period preceding the onset of the hemorrhage were available. The onset of the hemorrhage was found to involve three characteristic factors, i.e., multiple responsibilities, over‐fatigue lasting for a period of three months preceding the onset and absence of opportunities for psychophysiological recuperation during holidays. During the period leading up to the onset, we noted worsening of e-mail-related parameters, increasing actual work hours and reduction in sleeping hours in the subsequent order. Particularly on holidays, mood swings during waking hours and disturbed sleep caused by intense apprehension were also noted. In this case, the workload of the employee immediately preceding the onset of the cerebral hemorrhage was not unusually high. Therefore, it may be more useful to identify the week-to-week progression of over‐fatigue during the workdays and holidays than to identify workload intensity immediately before the onset.
Key words：Karo-shogai (over-fatigue disorder)； White-collar worker； Hypertension； Left putamen hemorrhaging；Reduced work hours for child care； Over-fatigue in each week； psychophysiological rest； Various emotions on holidays
圓藤 吟史，萩原 聡
産業疫学研究における倫理
労働科学，85（１），28～33，（2009）
産業保健における健康情報は個人データのうちでも特に専門性が高く，産業保健専門職が取り扱い，厳重に管理する必要がある。個人データは個人が特定できな いよう産業保健専門職が加工することによって，さまざまな解析が可能なデータとして事業場全体で共有される。重大な労働災害や健康診断結果など国に報告す る義務がある事柄も含めて，解析の結果を公表することは公益性が高い。産業疫学は産業保健活動を行う中から得た安全・労働衛生・産業保健上の科学的根拠を 提供するものである。産業疫学の成果に基づき，労働者の健康増進や快適な職場環境の形成を図ることが産業保健の重要な役割の一つと考えられる。（自抄）
キーワード：倫理；産業保健；疫学；個人情報
Ginji ENDO，Satoshi HAGIWARA
Ethics in Occupational Epidemiological Studies
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（１），28～33，（2009）
The Japanese government has adopted several guidelines regarding the protection of personal information and ethics in epidemiological studies. The aim of this paper is to discuss the ethical issues relating to both the protection of personal information and occupational health practices. Health information on employment should be treated by occupational health professionals because of its high specialty and be kept in secret. In disclosing the study results, personal health information should be converted to be unidentified, so that the data from various studies are ready to be analyzed. The study results can thus be shared for their use in enhancing occupational health. Occupational epidemiological studies thus offer scientific evidence based on occupational safety and health practices. One of the important purposes of occupational health is to promote safety and health of employees and establish comfortable work environment according to the results of these epidemiological studies. It is hence essential to report to the government the data on industrial accidents involving fatalities and serious injuries and the results of health examinations to be made public. Ethical aspects that should be observed in reporting the results of epidemiological studies on occupational health are discussed as prerequisites of contributing to the progress in various related fields and to the benefit of the public.
Key Words：Ethics；Occupational health；Epidemiology；Personal information
佐々木司，北島洋樹，吉川 徹，松元 俊
労働第二世代抗ヒスタミン薬における自動車シミュレータ運転時の眠気の発現
労働科学，85（１），34～39，（2009）
眠気の副作用がないとされる第２世代の抗ヒスタミン剤の中でも，薬剤のインタビューフォームに，眠気が生じると記している塩酸エピナスチン（アレジオン (R)）と記されていないロラタジン（クラリチン(R)）がある。そこで本研究では，自動車シミュレータを用いた走行実験を行い，眠気の発現に差があるか を検討した。被験者は，成人スギ花粉症患者15名（平均年齢ｱ標準偏差：34.5±10.4歳）であった。本実験では，薬剤がカウンターバランスをとった 無作為二重盲検法を用いて投与され，120分間（15分×８回）の運転中の主観的眠気と反応時間が比較された。結果として，主観的な眠気および反応時間 は，両条件に統計的な有意差は示されず，眠気に対する薬剤効果は異ならないと考えられた。（図１，表２）（自抄・英文）
キーワード：第二世代抗ヒスタミン薬；エピナスチン塩酸塩；ロラタジン；眠気；自動車シミュレータ
Tsukasa SASAKI, Hiroki KITAJIMA, Toru YOSHIKAWA, Shun MATSUMOTO
Sleepiness in Operating an Automobile Driving Simulator with Second-Generation Antihistamines
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（１），34～39，（2009）
It is said that the second-generations antihistamine have no side effects such as the sleepiness. In the package inserts of these drugs, however, the description of sleepiness is noted for epinastine hydrochloride（Alesion(R)20mg）, but not for loratadine（Claritin(R)10mg）. Therefore, the sleepiness during the operation of an automobile driving simulator taking both of these drugs was investigated. The subjects were 15 male Japanese cedar pollinosis sufferers (34.5±10.4 yrs, mean age ±standard deviation). The subjective sleepiness and reaction times of the subjects were assessed during 120 min （15 min _ 8 trials）driving under the randomized, double-blind, counter-balanced design. The results showed that subjective sleepiness and reaction times were not significantly different between epinastine hydrochloride and loratadine.
Key Words：Second-generation antihistamines；Epinastine hydrochlorid；Loratadine；Sleepiness；Automobile driving simulator
85巻 2号
佐々木司，松元 俊，酒井一博
客観的な資料が揃った過労障害事例における睡眠時間の同定
労働科学，85（２），51～58，（2009）
脳・心臓疾患発症における「疲労の蓄積」は，時間外労働時間と睡眠時間によって判定される。そこでメール送信時刻やファイル作成および更新記録など客観的 資料が揃ったホワイトカラー過労障害事例におけるそれらの同定プロセスを検討した。時間外労働時間は4種の基準，睡眠時間は3種の基準を用いて検討した。 その結果，時間外労働時間は，準客観的基準において労災認定基準の時間外労働時間に達したが，睡眠時間は操作的基準を用いなければ，認定基準にとどかな かった。以上のことから客観的資料が揃った事例においても，睡眠時間は時間外労働時間の同定より難しいことが明らかになった。
（図４） （自抄・英文）
キーワード：過労障害事例；睡眠時間と時間外労働時間の同定；客観性；方法論
Tsukasa SASAKI, Shun MATSUMOTO , Kazuhiro SAKAI
The Identification of Sleeping Hours in a Karoh-Shogai Case with Matching Objective Data
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（２），51～58，（2009）
Based on objective data concerning a Karoh-shogai (over-fatigue disorder) case, we discussed the identification of overtime work hours and sleeping hours for assessing “the accumulated fatigue” leading to industrial accidents. The victim of Karoh-shogai, a 40-year-old male, was a researcher engaged in a private research institute. He worked from 9:00 to 15:00—six obligatory hours—to allow time for child care. The victim suffered left putamen hemorrhaging on July 13, 2006.
In order to calculate the overtime hours worked and sleeping hours, we used email records from the victim’s work laptop computer, tracking when emails were sent and when files were created and updated. We also used the parenting diary, nursery school attendance records, and cell-phone bills, in which the corresponding times were noted. The overtime hours were calculated in accordance with four standards in terms of the hours worked (WA，WB-8，WB-7 and WB-6), and sleeping hours were calculated by three standards in terms of sleeping duration (SA, SB and SC).
As a result, under the three standards of calculation WB-8, WB-7, and WB-6, the estimated the number of hours of overtime worked met the standards for the recognition of industrial accidents. The sleeping hours met the standards for the recognition only as to the SC standard. It has been established that not only the quantity of sleep, but also the quality of sleep was an essential element. Therefore, even a sleep lasting for five hours or longer may be insufficient in terms of its quality for some reasons, including cases of “sleep apprehension”. It would, however, be difficult to determine such decrease in quality using the objective data adopted in the present analysis.
In conclusion, it is suggested to first analyze the overtime hours worked before analyzing sleeping hours in assessing “the accumulated fatigue” leading to suicide or death from over-fatigue.
Key words: Case of “Karo-shogai” (over-fatigue disorder)； Identification in Sleeping hours and Hours of overtime worked； Objectiveness； Methodology
木村 亨
製造業におけるホワイトカラー従業員のストレスと経営諸施策・組織風土の関係に関する調査
労働科学，85（２），59～72，（2009）
製造業70社の正規従業員約1800人について，ストレス反応と経営のあり方との関わりについて調べた。満足度･バーンアウト･企業業績についても併せて 調査した。その結果，満足度の高い組織ではストレス反応が低く，業績も良いことが明らかとなった。これらはいずれも経営施策や組織風土に強く関係してい る。仕事の負担感の高い職場であっても，コミュニケーションが保たれ，協力関係が良好で，許容的･受容的な風土のなかでは，ストレス反応は低く抑えること ができる。本調査の結果は，従業員のストレス対策と企業業績は両立が可能であること，そのためには従業員の人間性を尊重した人重視の経営が大切であること を示している。
（図２，表５） （自抄）
キーワード：職業性ストレス；バーンアウト；職務満足；経営施策；組織風土
Toru KIMURA
The Relationship between Job Stress and Organizational Climate of White-color Employees in the Manufacturing Industry
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（２），59～72，（2009）
This study was undertaken to clarify the relationship between stress reactions of employees and organizational climate in manufacturing corporations. Burnout, job satisfaction and business performance of the corporations were studied as well. The results of a survey of 1800 employees revealed that stress reactions, burnout, job satisfaction and the performance of the corporations were significantly correlated each with each other. Higher job satisfaction was associated with less stress reactions, less burnout and higher business performance. All these were found to depend on 1) acceptive and not disciplinary climate of the workplace, 2) cooperative and supportive relationships among co-workers, 3) communication particularly with regard to self-esteem and the need for approval, and 4) favorable relations with supportive bosses. The results of the study indicate that it is feasible to achieve the reduction of stress reactions of employees and the upgrading of business performance of the corporation simultaneously.
Key words : Job stress ; Burnout ; Job satisfaction ; Management practice ; Organizational climate
大橋智樹，榎原 毅，申 紅仙，水野基樹
堀野定雄，小木和孝，酒井一博，岸田孝弥
参加型アプローチに基づく人間工学ロードマップ策定ステップの検討
労働科学，85（２），73～88，（2009）
短・長期戦略を示す技術ロードマップ(RM)への関心は近年高まっている。本稿では参加型手法に力点を置いた人間工学RM の開発手順を検討した。人間工学実務者・研究者でタスクフォースを構成し，次の策定手順を検証した： 1)テーマ領域の明確化，2)近未来を見据えた目標設定，3)目標達成度基準と進め方の提示，4)社会・環境・技術側面における効果推定。その結果，人間 工学7 領域が同定され，それら具体的目標の設定にはa) 共生志向の人間中心設計，b)多様化ニーズへの即応設計，c)自主的継続改善の3 視点による検証が有用であった。集団討議により7 領域毎に上記3 視点で作り上げる本手順は，人間工学RM 策定に必須と考えられた。（図３，表２）（自抄）
キーワード：人間工学ロードマップ；参加型アプローチ；策定ステップ；タスクフォース
Tomoki OHASHI， Takeshi EBARA， SHIN Hongson， Motoki MIZUNO，
Sadao HORINO， Kazutaka KOGI， Kazuhiro SAKAI ， Koya KISHIDA
Examination of the Processes of Developing Ergonomics Roadmaps by Means of Participatory Methods
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（２），73～88，（2009）
The interest in developing with technology and science roadmaps indicating short and long-term strategic perspectives has been growing for the last decade. The practical steps for developing the ergonomics roadmaps with an emphasis on the participatory approaches, were discussed in the present study.
A task force consisting of researchers and practitioners in ergonomics fields was organized and then agreed to undertake the steps as follows: 1) identifying the technical challenges faced by social needs and trends; 2) setting specific goals to be achieved by 2030; 3) indicating specific benchmarks and advances for each goal; and 4) estimating the potential and multiplier impacts in social, environmental and technological aspects. By examining these steps, seven major challenges were identified as those to be addressed in near-future ergonomics fields. These challenges comprised (1) developing people-centred production and work systems, (2) support for day-to-day community life meeting varying needs, (3) people-friendly design and use of products, (4) securing safe and barrier-free mobility of people, (5) ergonomically sound safety and health management, (6) strengthening sustainable coexistence with environment and (7) providing communication networks for achieving decent social life. It was also found helpful to set three future directions for identifying the specific goals in each technical challenge; a) human-centered design for promoting autonomous systems and harmonious coexistence of people, technology and environment; b) systems design for as immediate responses to current diversifying needs; and c) establishment of risk management systems supporting continual improvement through participatory procedures. These discussions revealed that the four steps consisting of serial group discussions on major seven challenges and three future directions are essential for developing the needs-based ergonomics roadmaps.
Key words：Ergonomics roadmaps；Participatory approaches；Decision steps；Task force
85巻 3号
飯田裕貴子，中村 憲司，村田 克
分散染色法における浸液の温度とクリソタイルの分散色に関する研究
労働科学，85（3），93～100，（2009）
位相差・分散顕微鏡法においてアスベストを同定する際の浸液の温度は25℃とされている。そこで標本を顕微鏡で観察したまま放射温度計を用いて浸液の温度を推定する方法について検討したところ，放射温度計の方向がカバーガラス直上からの傾き30°以下かつ測定距離3cm以下ならば，0.3℃以下の精度で標本中の浸液の温度推定が可能と考えられた。さらにこの検討結果を利用して，浸液の温度が25℃±5℃の範囲で変化した場合のクリソタイル試料の分散色の変化を調べた結果，浸液の温度が25℃±1〜2℃の範囲ならば，JISなどに示された分散色を観察できる可能性が示唆された。また25℃から±5℃以上変動するような環境では，異なる分散色が観察される可能性があると考えられた。（図６，表２） （自抄）
キーワード：位相差・分散顕微鏡法；分散染色法；石綿；分散色；温度
Yukiko IIDA, Kenji NAKAMURA, Masaru MURATA
On the Specimen's Temperature and Dispersion Staining Colors of Chrysotile in the Dispersion Staining method with a Phase Contrast Microscope
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（3），93～100，（2009）
The dispersion staining method using a phase contrast microscope has recently been more popular for the identification of asbestos in this country. Dispersion staining produces its color by virtue of the dispersion of the refractive index of a given particle as it relates to the dispersion of the refractive index of the mounting liquid. Liquids decrease their refractive index as the temperature increases while solid particles do not practically change their index with the temperature. The temperature of the mounting liquids is therefore standardized to be set at 25℃ in the dispersion staining method.
We applied an infrared thermometer, located next to an objective lens, to estimate the temperature of the refractive index liquid by measuring the temperature of a specimen's surface. The appropriate position of the infrared thermometer was decided through examinations of the temperature difference of the mounting liquid and a specimen's surface. The results showed that the difference fell within 0.3℃ with thermometer 's distance of less than 3 centimeters from a cover glass and its angle of inclination within 30° .
By locating an infrared thermometer at the appropriate position to estimate the temperatures of the refractive index liquid, the temperature changes of the dispersion staining colors were examined for particles of some chrysotiles. Comparison of the dispersion staining colors in different temperatures of the mounting liquid led to the conclusion that the observed colors of the chrysotile particles might be almost the same as specified in the relevant standards such as JIS at about 23℃-27℃ of the refractive index liquid. But we also concluded that deviation over 5℃ from the standard temperature of the refractive index liquid would make different colors.
Key Words：Dispersion staining method with a phase contrast microscope；Dispersion staining method；Asbestos；Dispersion staining color；Temperature
Chalermchai Chaikittiporn, Chompusakdi Pulket，Vichai Pruktharathikul，Soontree Umbangtalard
有害物質アクリロニトリル輸送ルートのリスクアセスメント
労働科学，85（3），101～107，（2009）
危険有害物の輸送経路のリスクアセスメントを行い，災害予防の一助とした。アクリロニトリルの陸路での輸送について従来の輸送経路を代替経路と比較し，災害発生可能性と災害の影響について相対リスクを比較，評価した。災害発生可能性はタイ交通省ガイドラインとハワードとルーセルのガイドラインを使用した。災害の影響については世界銀行災害分析モデルを利用し影響範囲と居住人口から人的リスクを評価した。その他，学校や寺院を利用している住民への影響，環境影響，緊急対応能力，遅延リスク，財産へのリスクを見積もり評価した。緊急時対応能力を除く全ての要素で代替経路の方がリスクは小さく，代替経路の使用が推奨された。（図１，表４） （自抄）
キーワード：リスクアセスメント；アクリロニトリル；危険物輸送経路；交通
Chalermchai Chaikittiporn, Chompusakdi Pulket, Vichai Pruktharathikul,
Soontree Oumbangtalard
Risk Assessment of Hazardous Material (Acrylonitrile) Transportation Routes
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（3），101～107，（2009）
The accidents from transportation of hazardous materials often lead to loss of life and environmental damage. The risk assessment of different transportation routes is considered to be a method for reducing accidents occurring from transportation. This research aimed to assess the risks of acrylonitrile transportation routes by comparing the current route with an alternative one under consideration of accident probability and its consequences. The Department of Transportation guidelines and the Harwood and Russell’s guidelines were used to evaluate accident probability, and the consequences were analyzed by applying the WHAZAN (World Bank Hazard Analysis) model for the estimation of accident impact areas and by estimating the population size exposed within impact areas. The results of this study showed that the population risk level of the acrylonitrile transportation route designated by the plant was greater than that of the alternative one. The risk of the alternative route was less than that of the current route. The recommendation of this study is to use the alternative route. Also, the accident probability and analysis of its consequences indicate the applicability of the risk assessment protocol.
Key words： Transportation risk analysis；Acrylonitrile；Transportation of hazardous materials
大西明宏，濱田 明美，白土男女幸，久米 雅，植村健士，太田 達，仲井朝美，芳田哲也
手指の運動および菓子の重量・形状の分析に基づいた京菓子の包餡技術と技能の評価
労働科学，85（3），108～119，（2009）
京菓子の基本技術である包餡（ほうあん）に熟練した職人1名を対象に通常条件と“手に少し力を入れる”支障条件にて包餡した時の手指の運動と菓子の重量と形状を計測した。その結果，熟練者は条件によらず目標値どおりに成形していた。また手指の運動に基づき分析した包餡工程は，第1相から第2相は生地で餡を包み，第3相と第4相は形状を均一かつ表面を滑らかにする4相から構成されることが明らかとなった。各相の包餡時間は条件による差が少なかったが，第4相のみ支障条件が通常条件よりも約2倍長かったことから，この相は形状を均一かつ表面が滑らかに成形する重要な役割があると示唆された。本研究で明らかとなった精巧に包餡する熟練した技術・技能は後継者育成を目的とする現場での指導に活用できると考えられる。（図７，表４） （自抄）
キーワード；京菓子：伝統技能：熟練者：動作分析
Akihiro OHNISHI, Akemi HAMADA, Minayuki SHIRATO, Masashi KUME,
Kenji UEMURA, Toru OHTA, Asami NAKAI, Tetsuya YOSHIDA
Evaluation of the Techniques and Skills of Making “Kyo-Gashi” Sweets
by Analyzing Finger Motions and the Weight and Forms of Sweets
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（3），108～119，（2009）
The aim of this study was to express concretely the making techniques of traditional “Kyo-gashi” sweets in Japan. In addition, we tried to evaluate the “Kyo-gashi” expert's making skills by setting up two conditions; making sweets applying a normal method and making sweets applying a hindrance method exerting slightly more pressure with both the hands. A motion capture system was used to measure the finger motions during making sweets, moreover weight, height and forms of sweets were determined by means of a digital scale, a gauge and a ruler.
First, the making process of sweets was divided into four phases corresponding to the roles of forming. The left index finger repeated flexions / extensions that rolled out materials repeatedly in phase 1 and 2 in both these conditions, and then the shape of sweets were formed uniformly with smooth surfaces in phase 3 and 4. Therefore, the making processes of sweets were analyzed based on four phases. The duration of each phase was similar between phase 1 to phase 3 in both conditions, but the duration of phase 4 due to the need to form more uniformly in the hindrance condition was around two seconds longer than that in the normal condition significantly. The rolling time of phase 2 was less than that of phase 1 in both conditions, but the rolling time of phase 1 in the hindrance condition was less than that in the normal condition. As for the finger motion, the values of the maximum flexion angle in phase 1 were extended about ten degrees in the hindrance condition.
From these results, sweets were formed according to the desired value even if it was difficult for the expert to make sweets in the hindrance condition that required a slightly more pressure with both hands. In particular, it was considered that phase 4 for performing the last finish forming seemed to play the most important role for making sweets. These results agreed with the view of experimental participant.
The results revealed the specific making method of sweets that reflected the expert’s techniques and skills. To contribute to the “Kyo-gashi” sweets industry, the findings of this study might be useful for providing instruction data when the experts teach their own techniques and skills effectively.
Key Words；Kyo-gashi sweets：Traditional skill：Expert：Motion analysis
岩澤聡子，津田洋子，内山隆文，丸山康孝，神田博仁，宮内博幸，森泉哲次，野見山哲生，大前和幸，田中 茂
解剖実習におけるホルムアルデヒド曝露防護のための労働衛生保護具（防毒マスクと保護めがね）着用の有効性の検討
労働科学，85（3），120～131，（2009）
系統解剖実習時の作業環境濃度，自覚症状を調査し，曝露実態，症状発生率，保護具有効性を検証した。
対象者は調査協力に同意した50名の某大学医学生であった。呼吸保護具および保護めがねは，1日目は未着用，2日目は着用とした。作業環境測定法により，ホルムアルデヒドなどを測定した。症状は実習中30分毎に記入させた。
A測定曝露濃度幾何平均値(ppm)は，1日目0.68，2日目0.57であった。保護具未着用及び着用時の自覚症状有訴率は，「臭気を感じた，不快感，息苦しさ」，「鼻・喉・目の刺激」において，着用で有意に低かった。使用した保護具は，症状軽減に有効であった。
（図３，表４） （自抄）
キーワード：ホルムアルデヒド；防毒マスク；保護めがね；自覚症状；解剖実習
Satoko IWASAWA, Yoko TSUDA, Takafumi UCHIYAMA, Yasutaka MARUYAMA, Hirohito KANDA, Hiroyuki MIYAUCHI, Tetsuji MORIIZUMI, Tetsuo NOMIYAMA, Kazuyuki OMAE, Shigeru TANAKA
Effectiveness of Wearing Protective Devices (Gas Masks and Eye Protectors) Against Exposure to Formaldehyde During an Anatomy Lab Course
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（3），120～131，（2009）
Formaldehyde(FA) is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent, irritating odor. There are many reports that FA causes eye and upper airway discomfort. This study examines the effectiveness of wearing protective devices (gas masks and eye protectors) against exposure to FA during an anatomy lab course. The study population was 50 medical students who agreed with this study. Gas masks and eye protectors were not worn on the first day, and worn on the second day. We measured FA by means of working environment measurement and personal monitoring. Adverse health symptoms were reported by a self-administered questionnaire.
The prevalence rates of those reporting "smell", "annoyed of smell", "nose, throat and eye irritations" and "breathlessness" were significantly lower in the case of wearing protective devices than in no-wearing conditions. We observed that wearing protective devices (gas mask and eye protector) reduced the prevalence of symptoms during the anatomy lab course.
Key Ｗords：Formaldehyde；Gas mask；Eye protector；Symptoms；Anatomy lab course
85巻 4号
大倉元宏，中川幸士，城内 博
GHS対応に向けた視覚障害者に対する化学品の危険有害性情報の伝達に関する調査研究
－面接調査による現状と課題の把握－
労働科学，85（4），155～166，（2009）
視覚障害者の多くは化学製品を購入して使用する機会があるので，GHS制定においては，それらの製品の危険有害性情報が確実に彼らに伝わることに注意を払うべきである。84名の視覚障害者への面接調査により，彼らの普段の生活における化学製品とのかかわり合い，危険有害性を示すシンボルマークの理解の程度，危険有害性情報に関して希望する伝達法などを聞き取り，現状と課題の把握を試みた。新しい情報技術や製品，インターネット，オーディオテープ，拡大文字，点字等，視覚障害者が利用できる情報オプションを拡大する必要のあることがわかった。こうすることにより，彼らは自分に一番合ったメディアを選択することが可能になる。 （表1，図11） （自抄）
Motohiro OHKURA， Koji NAKAGAWA，Hiroshi JONAI
Study on How to Transmit Information on Hazardous Chemical Products to Visually Impaired Persons as Part of Implementing the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals: Interview Survey on Current States and Issues
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（4），155～166，（2009）
Because most visually impaired persons occasionally need to purchase and use chemical products, it is vital that proper attention be given to ensuring that all pertinent information on hazards related to such products are made available to them by implementing the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). In this study, we attempted to clarify the current status of GHS implementation and identify important relevant issues by interviewing 84 visually impaired persons and collecting data on factors such as how often they used hazardous chemical products in their daily lives, whether they could identify and comprehend the intended meanings of currently used GHS hazard symbols, and what media they prefered to use when investigating product information. Our results indicate that it is necessary to expand the information options available to visually impaired persons such as new information technologies and products, the Internet, audiotapes, large printed characters, and Braille. This will allow such persons to select the media that best corresponds to their preferences and usage ability.
熊谷信二，松浦良和，車谷典男
じん肺に罹患したハツリ工の健康障害 －52事例の解析－
労働科学，85（4），167～177，（2009）
主にコンクリートの破砕作業に従事してきた建設労働者で，じん肺に罹患している52人について，仕事に関連した症状を把握するため，聞き取り調査を行った。平均では36年間にわたり建設労働者として働いてきた。早いケースでは，初回曝露後1年で咳が出始め，9年でじん肺になり，12年で通院を始めた。平均では30年で，これらの3つの状況になっていた。これら労働者の2/3が難聴に罹患するとともに耳鳴りを訴え，1/3は振動曝露による白指に，約半数が上肢のしびれがあり，また肘関節の進屈制限を訴えていた。したがって，粉じん，騒音および振動を低減する複合的な対策が必要である。
（表３，図４） （自抄）
Shinji KUMAGAI, Yoshikazu MATSUURA, Norio KURUMATANI
Case series analysis of work-related symptoms among 52 concrete crushing and chipping workers with pneumoconiosis
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（4），167～177，（2009）
Fifty-two concrete crushing and chipping workers with pneumoconiosis were interviewed to clarify their work-related symptoms. They had worked as construction workers for 36 years on the average. One of the workers who was suffering from rapid deterioration of the health had developed persistent cough within a year, contracted pneumoconiosis within nine years and visited the clinic regularly for 12 years after the first exposure. On the average, the workers had the above three conditions within about 30 years. Two-thirds of the workers had hearing impairment and complained of tinnitus, while one-third suffered from vibration-induced white fingers. Half of the workers had numbness of the arms and difficulty in flexing and extending the elbow joints. These findings suggest that it is necessary to reduce the exposure levels of dust, noise and vibration in concrete crushing work.
堀口俊一，寺本敬子，西尾久英，林 千代
「児科雑誌」に発表された仮称所謂脳膜炎（鉛毒性脳症）に関する研究の足跡（２）平井毓太郎による諸論文
労働科学，85（4），178～190，（2009）
我々は前報において，わが国で1895年来，長く原因が不明であった乳幼児の仮称所謂脳膜炎が，母親の使用する含鉛化粧品による慢性鉛中毒であることを，1923年平井毓太郎が究明した経緯について報告した。平井の究明後，関連する研究が堰を切ったように「児科雑誌」に報告され，その結果は行政上にも反映されて，1930年に鉛白を使用している化粧品に対する規制が明文化された。本研究において，平井の究明後，1930年に至るまでに発表された平井自身による報告23編を挙げ，そのうちから，仮称所謂脳膜炎の鉛毒説・本態に関する2編，予防と治療に関する2編，宿題報告の記録２編，その他３編を選び，これらを紹介し考察した。（表１，写真２） （自抄）
Shun’ichi HORIGUCHI, Keiko TERAMOTO, Hisahide NISHIO, Chiyo HAYASHI
Ikutaro Hirai’s Articles on So-called Meningitis (Lead Encephalopathy) in
Infants Published in Acta Paediatrica Japonica
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（4），178～190，（2009）
Ikutaro Hirai reported in a pediatric journal issued in Japan, Acta Paediatrica Japonica, in 1923 that the so-called meningitis in infants was a chronic lead poisoning caused by the mother’s face powder containing lead. This report aroused a continuing wave of publications on the so-called meningitis in infants. As many as 265 articles on the disease appeared in Acta Paediatrica Japonica from 1923 to 1930. In 1930, a partial amendment to the regulations of toxic coloring agents was made, imposing legal controls on cosmetics using white lead. In this study, we clarified the controversy about Hirai’s discovery, presenting his nine articles published in Acta Paediatrica Japonica. They included two reports on etiology, two reports on prevention and treatments, two records of a special lecture containing questions, answers and additions, and three miscellanies with his supplementary comments)．
早尻正宏
1990年代後半以降における林業労働研究とその関連領域の研究動向―これまでの研究と今後の課題―
労働科学，85（4），191～201，（2009）
本論の目的は1990年代後半以降の林業労働研究の到達点と課題を人材育成に焦点を当てて整理し，今後の研究方向を提示することにある。1990年代後半以降，入職ルートの多様化などによって林業労働者をめぐる情勢は大きく変化した。このような変化を受けて，林業労働問題に関して人材育成やキャリア形成に着目した研究が行われるようになった。そのなかで森林管理技術者という新しい林業労働者像が提起され，従来あまり注目されてこなかった森林技術者をめぐる研究の重要性が増してきた。今後，林業労働研究は，維持可能な森林管理を担う現場労働者像を具体的に描き出し，その職業的専門性や人材育成のあり方を明らかにするという実践的課題に応える必要がある。 （自抄・英文）
Masahiro HAYAJIRI
Recent Trends in Forest Labour Studies and their Related Fields since the Late 1990s in Japan: Review and Future Challenges
THE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF LABOUR，85（4），191～201，（2009）
After the late 1990s, a major change occurred in the characteristics of forest labourers due to the diversification of their recruitment routes. In response to these changes, forest labour studies placed strong emphasis on human resources and career development research. In addition, amidst the situation in which the borderline between labourers in the field and engineers is becoming unclear and new visions for forest labourers are being pursued, studies on forest engineers, who did not attract much attention for a long time, are becoming increasingly significant. Currently, forest labour studies are facing the necessity of addressing practical challenges, such as what new visions exist for labourers in the field of sustainable forest management, what is their specialization, and how they design their development systems.